Competition between native and introduced salmonid fishes: cutthroat trout have lower growth rate in the presence of cutthroat–rainbow trout hybrids

نویسندگان

  • Steven M. Seiler
  • Ernest R. Keeley
چکیده

When nonnative species become established within new communities, competition may play a role in determining the persistence of ecologically similar native species. In western North America, many native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) populations have been replaced by nonnative rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Superior competitive ability of rainbow trout and cutthroat–rainbow trout hybrids is often cited for this replacement; however, few studies have tested for mechanisms that might allow introduced rainbow trout to out-compete native trout species. Our previous work found individual-based differences in swimming and foraging ability among cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and their hybrids. In this study, we tested for the presence and strength of competition between cohorts of cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and their reciprocal hybrids. We assayed the growth rate of juvenile cutthroat trout in allopatry versus cutthroat trout when sympatric with rainbow trout and each hybrid cross. After controlling for size and density of trout, cutthroat trout cohorts in stream channels that contained hybrid genotypes experienced lower growth than cutthroat trout in allopatry. Averaged across heterospecific treatments, cutthroat trout growth was also lower than that of cutthroat trout cohorts in allopatry. Our study suggests that juvenile cutthroat trout experience a growth disadvantage when competing against cutthroat–rainbow hybrids. Résumé : Lorsque des espèces non indigènes se sont établies dans de nouvelles communautés, la compétition peut jouer un rôle dans la détermination de la persistance des espèces indigènes à écologie semblable. Dans l’ouest de l’Amérique du Nord, plusieurs populations de la truite fardée (Oncorhynchus clarkii) indigène ont été remplacées par la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) non indigène. Pour expliquer cette substitution, on évoque souvent la compétitivité supérieure des truites arc-en-ciel et des hybrides de la truite arc-en-ciel et de la truite fardée; cependant, peu d’études ont cherché à vérifier les mécanismes qui pourraient permettre à la truite arc-en-ciel de gagner la compétition avec les espèces indigènes de truites. Notre recherche antérieure a révélé des différences basées sur l’individu dans la capacité de nage et de recherche de nourriture entre la truite fardée, la truite arc-en-ciel et leurs hybrides. Dans le présent travail, nous cherchons à démontrer la présence et la force de la compétition entre les cohortes de truites fardées, de truites arc-en-ciel et de leurs hybrides réciproques. Nous avons mesuré le taux de croissance de jeunes truites fardées en conditions d’allopatrie ainsi que dans des conditions de sympatrie avec la truite arc-en-ciel et avec chacun des croisements hybrides. Après avoir tenu compte de la taille et de la densité des truites, nous observons que les cohortes de truites fardées dans les cours d’eau contenant des génotypes hybrides ont une croissance plus faible que les truites fardées en conditions d’allopatrie. En moyenne dans toutes les conditions expérimentales hétérospécifiques, la croissance des truites fardées est aussi plus faible que celles des cohortes de truites fardées en conditions d’allopatrie. Notre étude indique que les jeunes truites fardées subissent un désavantage dans leur croissance lorsqu’elles sont en compétition avec des hybrides de la truite fardée et de la truite arc-en-

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تاریخ انتشار 2009